Caesar Cipher
One of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.
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Vigenère Cipher
A method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers, based on the letters of a keyword. It is a form of polyalphabetic substitution.
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Playfair Cipher
A manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme encrypts pairs of letters (digrams), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher.
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Rail Fence Cipher
A form of transposition cipher. It derives its name from the way in which it is encoded. In the rail fence cipher, the plain text is written downwards and diagonally on successive "rails" of an imaginary fence, then moving up when the bottom rail is reached.